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The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty adopted on May 9, 1992, and entered into force on March 21, 1994. The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. The UNFCCC is a legally binding treaty that has been ratified by 197 countries, making it almost universal in its membership. The UNFCCC is the parent treaty of the Kyoto Protocol, which was adopted in 1997 and entered into force in 2005. The Kyoto Protocol sets binding emission reduction targets for developed countries. It has been ratified by 192 parties. The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015 and entered into force in 2016, is another important international treaty under the UNFCCC. The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Unlike the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement includes commitments from both developed and developing countries. The UNFCCC and its related agreements play a crucial role in global efforts to address climate change. They provide a framework for international cooperation, including the setting of emission reduction targets, the provision of financial and technological support to developing countries, and the establishment of mechanisms for monitoring and reporting on climate action. The UNFCCC Secretariat, based in Bonn, Germany, supports the implementation of the Convention and its related agreements. It facilitates the annual Conference of the Parties (COP), where representatives from member countries gather to discuss and negotiate climate-related issues. The UNFCCC website, located at unfccc.int, serves as a central hub for information and resources related to the Convention and its protocols. It provides access to official documents, reports, and news updates on climate negotiations and actions taken by member countries. In summary, the UNFCCC is a key international treaty that forms the basis for global cooperation on climate change. It has been instrumental in shaping the international response to this critical environmental issue, and its ongoing work is essential for addressing the challenges of climate change in the 21st century."

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